OWASP Security Check

Comprehensive security audit patterns for web applications and REST APIs. Contains 20 rules across 5 categories covering OWASP Top 10 and common web vulnerabilities.

When to Apply

Use this skill when:

• Auditing a codebase for security vulnerabilities
• Reviewing user-provided file or folder for security issues
• Checking authentication/authorization implementations
• Evaluating REST API security
• Assessing data protection measures
• Reviewing configuration and deployment settings
• Before production deployment
• After adding new features that handle sensitive data

How to Use This Skill

1. Identify application type – Web app, REST API, SPA, SSR, or mixed
2. Scan by priority – Start with CRITICAL rules, then HIGH, then MEDIUM
3. Review relevant rule files – Load specific rules from @rules/ directory
4. Report findings – Note severity, file location, and impact
5. Provide remediation – Give concrete code examples for fixes

Audit Workflow

Step 1: Systematic Review by Priority

Work through categories by priority:

1. CRITICAL: Authentication & Authorization, Data Protection, Input/Output Security
2. HIGH: Configuration & Headers
3. MEDIUM: API & Monitoring

Step 2: Generate Report

Format findings as:

• Severity: CRITICAL | HIGH | MEDIUM | LOW
• Category: Rule name
• File: Path and line number
• Issue: What’s wrong
• Impact: Security consequence
• Fix: Code example of remediation

Rules Summary

Authentication & Authorization (CRITICAL)

broken-access-control – @rules/broken-access-control.md

Check for missing authorization, IDOR, privilege escalation.

// Bad: No authorization check
async function getUser(req: Request): Promise<Response> {
  let url = new URL(req.url);
  let userId = url.searchParams.get("id");
  let user = await db.user.findUnique({ where: { id: userId } });
  return new Response(JSON.stringify(user));
}

// Good: Verify ownership
async function getUser(req: Request): Promise<Response> {
  let session = await getSession(req);
  let url = new URL(req.url);
  let userId = url.searchParams.get("id");

  if (session.userId !== userId && !session.isAdmin) {
    return new Response("Forbidden", { status: 403 });
  }

  let user = await db.user.findUnique({ where: { id: userId } });
  return new Response(JSON.stringify(user));
}

authentication-failures – @rules/authentication-failures.md

Check for weak authentication, missing MFA, session issues.

// Bad: Weak password check
if (password.length >= 6) {
  /* allow */
}

// Good: Strong password requirements
function validatePassword(password: string) {
  if (password.length < 12) return false;
  if (!/[A-Z]/.test(password)) return false;
  if (!/[a-z]/.test(password)) return false;
  if (!/[0-9]/.test(password)) return false;
  if (!/[^A-Za-z0-9]/.test(password)) return false;
  return true;
}

Data Protection (CRITICAL)

cryptographic-failures – @rules/cryptographic-failures.md

Check for weak encryption, plaintext storage, bad hashing.

// Bad: MD5 for passwords
let hash = crypto.createHash("md5").update(password).digest("hex");

// Good: bcrypt with salt
let hash = await bcrypt(password, 12);

sensitive-data-exposure – @rules/sensitive-data-exposure.md

Check for PII in logs/responses, error messages leaking info.

// Bad: Exposing sensitive data
return new Response(JSON.stringify(user)); // Contains password hash, email, etc.

// Good: Return only needed fields
return new Response(
  JSON.stringify({
    id: user.id,
    username: user.username,
    displayName: user.displayName,
  }),
);

data-integrity-failures – @rules/data-integrity-failures.md

Check for unsigned data, insecure deserialization.

// Bad: Trusting unsigned JWT
let decoded = JSON.parse(atob(token.split(".")[1]));
if (decoded.isAdmin) {
  /* grant access */
}

// Good: Verify signature
let payload = await verifyJWT(token, secret);

secrets-management – @rules/secrets-management.md

Check for hardcoded secrets, exposed env vars.

// Bad: Hardcoded secret
const API_KEY = "sk_live_a1b2c3d4e5f6";

// Good: Environment variables
let API_KEY = process.env.API_KEY;
if (!API_KEY) throw new Error("API_KEY not configured");

Input/Output Security (CRITICAL)

injection-attacks – @rules/injection-attacks.md

Check for SQL, XSS, NoSQL, Command, Path Traversal injection.

// Bad: SQL injection
let query = `SELECT * FROM users WHERE email = '${email}'`;

// Good: Parameterized query
let user = await db.user.findUnique({ where: { email } });

ssrf-attacks – @rules/ssrf-attacks.md

Check for unvalidated URLs, internal network access.

// Bad: Fetching user-provided URL
let url = await req.json().then((d) => d.url);
let response = await fetch(url);

// Good: Validate against allowlist
const ALLOWED_DOMAINS = ["api.example.com", "cdn.example.com"];
let url = new URL(await req.json().then((d) => d.url));
if (!ALLOWED_DOMAINS.includes(url.hostname)) {
  return new Response("Invalid URL", { status: 400 });
}

file-upload-security – @rules/file-upload-security.md

Check for unrestricted uploads, MIME validation.

// Bad: No file type validation
let file = await req.formData().then((fd) => fd.get("file"));
await writeFile(`./uploads/${file.name}`, file);

// Good: Validate type and extension
const ALLOWED_TYPES = ["image/jpeg", "image/png", "image/webp"];
const ALLOWED_EXTS = [".jpg", ".jpeg", ".png", ".webp"];
let file = await req.formData().then((fd) => fd.get("file") as File);

if (!ALLOWED_TYPES.includes(file.type)) {
  return new Response("Invalid file type", { status: 400 });
}

redirect-validation – @rules/redirect-validation.md

Check for open redirects, unvalidated redirect URLs.

// Bad: Unvalidated redirect
let returnUrl = new URL(req.url).searchParams.get("return");
return Response.redirect(returnUrl);

// Good: Validate redirect URL
let returnUrl = new URL(req.url).searchParams.get("return");
let allowed = ["/dashboard", "/profile", "/settings"];
if (!allowed.includes(returnUrl)) {
  return Response.redirect("/");
}

Configuration & Headers (HIGH)

insecure-design – @rules/insecure-design.md

Check for security anti-patterns in architecture.

// Bad: Security by obscurity
let isAdmin = req.headers.get("x-admin-secret") === "admin123";

// Good: Proper role-based access control
let session = await getSession(req);
let isAdmin = await db.user
  .findUnique({
    where: { id: session.userId },
  })
  .then((u) => u.role === "ADMIN");

security-misconfiguration – @rules/security-misconfiguration.md

Check for default configs, debug mode, error handling.

// Bad: Exposing stack traces
catch (error) {
  return new Response(error.stack, { status: 500 });
}

// Good: Generic error message
catch (error) {
  console.error(error); // Log server-side only
  return new Response("Internal server error", { status: 500 });
}

security-headers – @rules/security-headers.md

Check for CSP, HSTS, X-Frame-Options, etc.

// Bad: No security headers
return new Response(html);

// Good: Security headers set
return new Response(html, {
  headers: {
    "Content-Security-Policy": "default-src 'self'",
    "X-Frame-Options": "DENY",
    "X-Content-Type-Options": "nosniff",
    "Strict-Transport-Security": "max-age=31536000; includeSubDomains",
  },
});

cors-configuration – @rules/cors-configuration.md

Check for overly permissive CORS.

// Bad: Wildcard with credentials
headers.set("Access-Control-Allow-Origin", "*");
headers.set("Access-Control-Allow-Credentials", "true");

// Good: Specific origin
let allowedOrigins = ["https://app.example.com"];
let origin = req.headers.get("origin");
if (origin && allowedOrigins.includes(origin)) {
  headers.set("Access-Control-Allow-Origin", origin);
}

csrf-protection – @rules/csrf-protection.md

Check for CSRF tokens, SameSite cookies.

// Bad: No CSRF protection
let cookies = parseCookies(req.headers.get("cookie"));
let session = await getSession(cookies.sessionId);

// Good: SameSite cookie + token validation
return new Response("OK", {
  headers: {
    "Set-Cookie": "session=abc; SameSite=Strict; Secure; HttpOnly",
  },
});

session-security – @rules/session-security.md

Check for cookie flags, JWT issues, token storage.

// Bad: Insecure cookie
return new Response("OK", {
  headers: { "Set-Cookie": "session=abc123" },
});

// Good: Secure cookie with all flags
return new Response("OK", {
  headers: {
    "Set-Cookie":
      "session=abc123; Secure; HttpOnly; SameSite=Strict; Path=/; Max-Age=3600",
  },
});

API & Monitoring (MEDIUM-HIGH)

api-security – @rules/api-security.md

Check for REST API vulnerabilities, mass assignment.

// Bad: Mass assignment vulnerability
let userData = await req.json();
await db.user.update({ where: { id }, data: userData });

// Good: Explicitly allow fields
let { displayName, bio } = await req.json();
await db.user.update({
  where: { id },
  data: { displayName, bio }, // Only allowed fields
});

rate-limiting – @rules/rate-limiting.md

Check for missing rate limits, brute force prevention.

// Bad: No rate limiting
async function login(req: Request): Promise<Response> {
  let { email, password } = await req.json();
  // Allows unlimited login attempts
}

// Good: Rate limiting
let ip = req.headers.get("x-forwarded-for");
let { success } = await ratelimit.limit(ip);
if (!success) {
  return new Response("Too many requests", { status: 429 });
}

logging-monitoring – @rules/logging-monitoring.md

Check for insufficient logging, sensitive data in logs.

// Bad: Logging sensitive data
console.log("User login:", { email, password, ssn });

// Good: Log events without sensitive data
console.log("User login attempt", {
  email,
  ip: req.headers.get("x-forwarded-for"),
  timestamp: new Date().toISOString(),
});

vulnerable-dependencies – @rules/vulnerable-dependencies.md

Check for outdated packages, known CVEs.

# Bad: No dependency checking
npm install

# Good: Regular audits
npm audit
npm audit fix

Common Vulnerability Patterns

Quick reference of patterns to look for:

• User input without validation: req.json() → immediate use
• Missing auth checks: Routes without authorization middleware
• Hardcoded secrets: Strings containing “password”, “secret”, “key”
• SQL injection: String concatenation in queries
• XSS: dangerouslySetInnerHTML, .innerHTML
• Weak crypto: md5, sha1 for passwords
• Missing headers: No CSP, HSTS, or security headers
• CORS wildcards: Access-Control-Allow-Origin: * with credentials
• Insecure cookies: Missing Secure, HttpOnly, SameSite flags
• Path traversal: User input in file paths without validation

Severity Quick Reference

Fix Immediately (CRITICAL):

• SQL/XSS/Command Injection
• Missing authentication on sensitive endpoints
• Hardcoded secrets in code
• Plaintext password storage
• IDOR vulnerabilities

Fix Soon (HIGH):

• Missing CSRF protection
• Weak password requirements
• Missing security headers
• Overly permissive CORS
• Insecure session management

Fix When Possible (MEDIUM):

• Missing rate limiting
• Incomplete logging
• Outdated dependencies (no known exploits)
• Missing input validation on non-critical fields

Improve (LOW):

• Missing optional security headers
• Verbose error messages (non-production)
• Suboptimal crypto parameters