MoAI Foundation Thinking

Structured thinking toolkit for creative problem-solving and rigorous analysis. Integrates three complementary frameworks that cover the full spectrum from idea generation to critical evaluation.

Core Philosophy: Generate broadly, evaluate rigorously, question deeply. Creativity and criticism are complementary forces.

Quick Reference

What is the Thinking Toolkit?

Three integrated frameworks for structured thinking:

• Critical Evaluation: Rigorous 7-step analysis to assess proposals and detect flaws
• Diverge-Converge: Systematic brainstorming from 20-50 raw ideas to 3-5 validated solutions
• Deep Questioning: 6-layer progressive inquiry to uncover hidden requirements and risks

When to Use Each Framework:

• Evaluating a proposal or recommendation: Critical Evaluation
• Generating solutions for an open-ended problem: Diverge-Converge
• Exploring an unfamiliar domain or unclear requirement: Deep Questioning
• Complex decisions: Combine all three (Question first, Generate second, Evaluate third)

Quick Access:

• Rigorous proposal assessment: Critical Evaluation Module
• Creative solution generation: Diverge-Converge Module
• Progressive inquiry: Deep Questioning Module

Implementation Guide

Framework 1: Critical Evaluation

Purpose: Systematically assess proposals, claims, and recommendations to detect flaws before commitment.

Seven-Step Evaluation Process:

Step 1 – Restate: Reformulate the claim or proposal in your own words. Ensures genuine understanding before critique.

Step 2 – Assess Evidence: Examine supporting data. Is the evidence empirical, anecdotal, or assumed? What is the sample size and recency? Are there contradicting data points?

Step 3 – Detect Fallacies: Check for common reasoning errors. Appeal to authority without substance. False dichotomy (only two options presented). Hasty generalization from insufficient examples. Straw man misrepresentation of alternatives.

Step 4 – Expose Assumptions: Identify unstated premises. What must be true for this conclusion to hold? Which assumptions are testable? Which assumptions carry the highest risk if wrong?

Step 5 – Note Alternatives: For every claim, ask what else could explain the evidence. Generate at least two alternative interpretations. Consider the null hypothesis.

Step 6 – Check Contradictions: Look for internal inconsistencies. Do different parts of the proposal conflict? Are there contradictions with known facts or constraints?

Step 7 – Evaluate Burden of Proof: Determine if the evidence is proportional to the claim. Extraordinary claims require extraordinary evidence. Identify what additional evidence would strengthen or weaken the case.

Output Format:

• Evaluation Summary: Overall assessment (Strong, Moderate, Weak, Flawed)
• Key Strengths: What holds up under scrutiny
• Critical Gaps: What needs more evidence or revision
• Recommended Actions: Next steps to strengthen the proposal

WHY: Uncritical acceptance of proposals leads to preventable failures. IMPACT: Structured evaluation catches 60-80% of flawed recommendations.

Framework 2: Diverge-Converge Brainstorming

Purpose: Generate a broad solution space then systematically narrow to the best options.

Five-Phase Process:

Phase 1 – Gather Requirements: Define the problem space clearly. Identify stakeholders and success criteria. Set explicit constraints (budget, timeline, technology). Document “must-have” vs “nice-to-have” criteria.

Phase 2 – Diverge (Generate 20-50 Ideas): Quantity over quality during divergence. No criticism or filtering during generation. Include wild and unconventional ideas. Combine and build upon previous ideas. Use prompts: “What if we…”, “How might we…”, “What would happen if…”

Phase 3 – Cluster (Group into 4-8 Themes): Identify natural groupings among ideas. Name each cluster with a descriptive theme. Note which clusters have the most ideas (signals interest). Identify gaps where no ideas exist (potential blind spots).

Phase 4 – Converge (Score and Select): Rate each cluster against success criteria (1-10). Apply weighted scoring based on priority of criteria. Select top 3-5 candidates for deeper analysis. Document why rejected options were eliminated.

Phase 5 – Document and Validate: Write up selected solutions with rationale. Define validation experiments for top candidates. Identify risks and mitigation strategies. Plan implementation sequence.

Output Format:

• Problem Statement: Clear definition of what we are solving
• Idea Count: Total ideas generated and cluster distribution
• Top Candidates: 3-5 selected solutions with scores
• Validation Plan: How to test each candidate

WHY: Premature convergence on the first idea leaves better solutions undiscovered. IMPACT: Teams using diverge-converge find 3x more viable solutions.

Framework 3: Deep Questioning

Purpose: Progressively uncover hidden requirements, constraints, and risks through layered inquiry.

Six-Layer Progressive Inquiry:

Layer 1 – Surface Understanding: What is the stated goal or request? What does success look like? What are the obvious inputs and outputs? Verify: Can I explain this to someone else clearly?

Layer 2 – Problem Depth: Why does this problem exist? What is the root cause vs symptom? What has been tried before and why did it fail? What would happen if we did nothing?

Layer 3 – Context and Constraints: What are the technical constraints? What are the organizational or process constraints? What are the time and resource limitations? What external dependencies exist?

Layer 4 – User Perspective: Who are the actual end users? What is their current workflow? What pain points drive this request? What would they consider a disappointing solution?

Layer 5 – Solution Exploration: What are the boundary conditions? What edge cases could break the solution? What are the performance requirements? How will this integrate with existing systems?

Layer 6 – Validation and Risk: How will we know if the solution works? What could go wrong? What is the rollback strategy? What monitoring or alerting is needed?

Progressive Depth Indicators:

• Shallow: Only Layers 1-2 explored (common in quick tasks)
• Moderate: Layers 1-4 explored (sufficient for most features)
• Deep: All 6 layers explored (required for architecture decisions)
• Exhaustive: All layers with multiple iterations (critical systems)

Output Format:

• Understanding Level: Shallow, Moderate, Deep, or Exhaustive
• Key Discoveries: Insights from each explored layer
• Open Questions: Remaining unknowns requiring further investigation
• Risk Assessment: Identified risks by severity

WHY: Surface-level understanding leads to solutions that miss the real problem. IMPACT: Deep questioning reduces requirement changes by 40-60%.

Combined Workflow

For complex problems, use all three frameworks in sequence:

Step 1 – Deep Questioning: Explore the problem space (Layers 1-4 minimum) Step 2 – Diverge-Converge: Generate and select solutions based on discoveries Step 3 – Critical Evaluation: Rigorously assess the top candidates

Decision Complexity Guide:

Simple task (1-2 files): Skip thinking frameworks (direct implementation) Feature addition: Deep Questioning (Layers 1-3) + brief evaluation Design decision: Deep Questioning (full) + Diverge-Converge Architecture change: All three frameworks in full

Integration with MoAI Workflow

SPEC Phase (/moai plan):

• Apply Deep Questioning during requirements gathering
• Use Diverge-Converge for solution approach selection
• Apply Critical Evaluation to finalize SPEC document

Run Phase (/moai run):

• Use Critical Evaluation when reviewing implementation options
• Apply Deep Questioning when encountering unexpected complexity

Agent Teams:

• team-analyst: Primary user of Deep Questioning framework
• team-architect: Primary user of Critical Evaluation framework
• team-researcher: Uses all three for comprehensive analysis

Works Well With

Agents:

• manager-strategy: Combined with Philosopher for full decision framework
• manager-spec: Deep Questioning during requirement analysis
• team-analyst: Primary consumer for plan phase analysis
• team-researcher: Comprehensive research methodology

Skills:

• moai-foundation-philosopher: Complementary (Philosopher = strategic decisions, Thinking = creative analysis)
• moai-foundation-core: Integration with SPEC workflow
• moai-workflow-spec: Requirement documentation support

Commands:

• /moai plan: Apply thinking frameworks during specification
• /moai run: Reference during implementation decisions

Module Deep Dives:

• Critical Evaluation
• Diverge-Converge
• Deep Questioning

External Resources: reference.md

Origin: Integrated from critical-thinking, brainstorm-diverge-converge, and ideation frameworks