Jest Testing Skill

Core Patterns

Basic Test

describe('Calculator', () => {
  let calc;
  beforeEach(() => { calc = new Calculator(); });

  test('adds two numbers', () => {
    expect(calc.add(2, 3)).toBe(5);
  });

  test('throws on division by zero', () => {
    expect(() => calc.divide(10, 0)).toThrow('Division by zero');
  });
});

Matchers

expect(value).toBe(exact);                 // === strict
expect(value).toEqual(object);             // deep equality
expect(value).toBeTruthy();
expect(value).toBeNull();
expect(value).toBeGreaterThan(3);
expect(value).toBeCloseTo(0.3, 5);
expect(str).toMatch(/regex/);
expect(arr).toContain(item);
expect(arr).toHaveLength(3);
expect(obj).toHaveProperty('name');
expect(obj).toMatchObject({ name: 'Alice' });
expect(() => fn()).toThrow(CustomError);

Mocking

// Mock function
const mockFn = jest.fn();
mockFn.mockReturnValue(42);
mockFn.mockResolvedValue({ data: 'test' });
expect(mockFn).toHaveBeenCalledWith('arg1');
expect(mockFn).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(1);

// Mock module
jest.mock('./database');
const db = require('./database');
db.getUser.mockResolvedValue({ name: 'Alice' });

// Mock with implementation
jest.mock('./api', () => ({
  fetchUsers: jest.fn().mockResolvedValue([{ name: 'Alice' }]),
}));

// Spy
const spy = jest.spyOn(console, 'log').mockImplementation();
expect(spy).toHaveBeenCalledWith('expected');
spy.mockRestore();

// Fake timers
jest.useFakeTimers();
jest.advanceTimersByTime(1000);
jest.useRealTimers();

Async Testing

test('fetches users', async () => {
  const users = await fetchUsers();
  expect(users).toHaveLength(3);
});

test('resolves with data', () => {
  return expect(fetchData()).resolves.toEqual({ data: 'value' });
});

test('rejects with error', () => {
  return expect(fetchBadData()).rejects.toThrow('not found');
});

React Component Testing (Testing Library)

import { render, screen, fireEvent, waitFor } from '@testing-library/react';
import '@testing-library/jest-dom';
import LoginForm from './LoginForm';

test('submits login form', async () => {
  const onSubmit = jest.fn();
  render(<LoginForm onSubmit={onSubmit} />);

  fireEvent.change(screen.getByLabelText('Email'), {
    target: { value: 'user@test.com' },
  });
  fireEvent.change(screen.getByLabelText('Password'), {
    target: { value: 'password123' },
  });
  fireEvent.click(screen.getByRole('button', { name: /login/i }));

  await waitFor(() => {
    expect(onSubmit).toHaveBeenCalledWith({
      email: 'user@test.com', password: 'password123',
    });
  });
});

Snapshot Testing

test('renders correctly', () => {
  const tree = renderer.create(<Button label="Click" />).toJSON();
  expect(tree).toMatchSnapshot();
});
// Update: jest --updateSnapshot

Anti-Patterns

Quick Reference

Deep Patterns

For production-grade patterns, see reference/playbook.md: