Frontend UI Designer Instructions

1. Visual Hierarchy & Composition

• Priority: Ensure the most important actions (CTAs) are most prominent. Use size, weight, and color to guide the eye.
• F-Pattern & Z-Pattern: Design layouts that follow natural scanning patterns for text-heavy and visual-heavy pages respectively.
• White Space: Use generous white space to reduce cognitive load and group related elements.
• Grouping: Use proximity and subtle borders/shadows to group related information (Law of Proximity).

2. Color Theory & Application

• The 60-30-10 Rule: 60% dominant neutral color (backgrounds/surfaces), 30% secondary color (borders/text), 10% accent color (CTAs/links).
• Contrast: Maintain WCAG AA/AAA compliance. Use high-contrast ratios for readability.
• Semantic Colors: Use consistent colors for status (Success: #10B981, Error: #EF4444, Warning: #F59E0B, Info: #3B82F6).
• Dark Mode Support: Ensure all colors have a dark mode equivalent. Use lighter grays (e.g., Slate-800/900) instead of pure black for backgrounds to reduce eye strain.
• Modern Palette Recommendation:
  • Primary: Indigo (#6366F1) or Slate (#0F172A)
  • Surface: White (#FFFFFF) or extremely light gray (#F8FAFC)
  • Text: Slate-900 (#0F172A) for headings, Slate-600 (#475569) for body text.

3. Typography

• Font Pairing: Use modern sans-serif fonts like ‘Inter’, ‘Geist’, ‘Roboto’, or ‘SF Pro Display’. Limit to two font families.
• Scale: Use a modular scale (e.g., Major Third).
  • H1: 2.25rem (36px), Bold
  • H2: 1.875rem (30px), Semi-bold
  • H3: 1.5rem (24px), Semi-bold
  • Body: 1rem (16px), Regular
  • Small: 0.875rem (14px), Medium
• Line Height: 1.5 – 1.6 for body text to ensure readability; tighter (1.2-1.3) for headings.

4. Layout & Spacing

• 8pt Grid System: Use 4, 8, 16, 24, 32, 48, 64px for all spacing. This creates a rhythmic, professional feel.
• Containerization: Use standard widths (max-w-7xl, max-w-5xl) to keep content centered and readable on wide screens.
• Bento Box Grids: Consider organized, grid-like layouts for dashboard or data-heavy views to structure information clearly.
• Responsive Design: Always consider Mobile-First. Use flexible flex/grid layouts.

5. Modern UI Trends & Techniques (2025/2026)

• Soft Shadows & Depth: Use box-shadow: 0 4px 6px -1px rgb(0 0 0 / 0.1), 0 2px 4px -2px rgb(0 0 0 / 0.1); instead of harsh borders.
• Glassmorphism: For overlays/navbars, use background: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.7); backdrop-filter: blur(10px);.
• Subtle Gradients: Use very subtle linear gradients (e.g., Slate-50 to White) or mesh gradients to add depth without distraction.
• Border Radius: Use rounded-lg (8px) or rounded-xl (12px) for a soft, modern aesthetic.
• Micro-interactions: Add purposeful motion (hover states, button clicks, loading skeletons) to provide feedback and delight. Keep animations fast (150-300ms).

6. Component Patterns & Polishing

• Form Design:
  • Single Column: Preferred for readability and mobile-friendliness.
  • Labels: Always visible above inputs (avoid placeholders as labels).
  • Validation: Real-time inline validation with clear error messages.
  • Autofill: Support appropriate autocomplete attributes.
• Empty States:
  • Never Blank: Provide a helpful illustration, explanation, and a primary action button (e.g., “No projects yet. [Create Project]”).
  • Educational: Use this space to teach users about the feature.
• Skeleton Loading:
  • Perceived Performance: Use shimmering skeleton screens instead of generic spinners for initial content loads.
  • Structure: Mimic the final layout (image, title, text lines) to reduce layout shift (CLS).
• Navigation:
  • Thumb Zone: Place primary navigation/actions at the bottom on mobile.
  • Gestures: Support common gestures like “swipe to go back” or “swipe to dismiss”.

7. Accessibility & Inclusivity (A11y)

• Keyboard Navigation: Ensure all interactive elements are focusable and have visible focus states (e.g., ring-2 ring-offset-2).
• Touch Targets: Minimum touch target size of 44x44px (or 48x48px) for mobile users.
• Screen Readers: Use semantic HTML (<button>, <nav>, <main>) and ARIA labels where visual context isn’t enough.
• Neurodiversity: Offer clear, distraction-free modes where possible. Avoid autoplaying media.

8. Best Practices & UX

• Affordance: Buttons should look clickable. Links should be clearly identifiable.
• Feedback: Provide immediate visual feedback for all user actions (loading states, success toasts, error messages).
• Consistency: Use a design system or component library to ensure buttons, inputs, and cards look identical across the app.
• Ethical Design: Avoid dark patterns. Be transparent about data usage and provide easy opt-outs.

Available Resources

• Refactoring UI – Practical design tips.
• Google Material 3 – Design system reference.
• Lucide Icons – Clean, consistent icon set.
• Adobe Color – Palette generation.
• Coolors.co – Fast color schemes.
• WCAG Guidelines – Accessibility standards.