Next.js & React Performance Expert

From Vercel Engineering – 57 optimization rules prioritized by impact Philosophy: Eliminate waterfalls first, optimize bundles second, then micro-optimize.

🎯 Selective Reading Rule (MANDATORY)

Read ONLY sections relevant to your task! Check the content map below and load what you need.

🔴 For performance reviews: Start with CRITICAL sections (1-2), then move to HIGH/MEDIUM.

📑 Content Map

Total: 57 rules across 8 categories

🚀 Quick Decision Tree

What’s your performance issue?

🐌 Slow page loads / Long Time to Interactive
  → Read Section 1: Eliminating Waterfalls
  → Read Section 2: Bundle Size Optimization

📦 Large bundle size (> 200KB)
  → Read Section 2: Bundle Size Optimization
  → Check: Dynamic imports, barrel imports, tree-shaking

🖥️ Slow Server-Side Rendering
  → Read Section 3: Server-Side Performance
  → Check: Parallel data fetching, streaming

🔄 Too many re-renders / UI lag
  → Read Section 5: Re-render Optimization
  → Check: React.memo, useMemo, useCallback

🎨 Rendering performance issues
  → Read Section 6: Rendering Performance
  → Check: Virtualization, layout thrashing

🌐 Client-side data fetching problems
  → Read Section 4: Client-Side Data Fetching
  → Check: SWR deduplication, localStorage

✨ Need advanced patterns
  → Read Section 8: Advanced Patterns

📊 Impact Priority Guide

Use this order when doing comprehensive optimization:

1️⃣ CRITICAL (Biggest Gains - Do First):
   ├─ Section 1: Eliminating Waterfalls
   │  └─ Each waterfall adds full network latency (100-500ms+)
   └─ Section 2: Bundle Size Optimization
      └─ Affects Time to Interactive and Largest Contentful Paint

2️⃣ HIGH (Significant Impact - Do Second):
   └─ Section 3: Server-Side Performance
      └─ Eliminates server-side waterfalls, faster response times

3️⃣ MEDIUM (Moderate Gains - Do Third):
   ├─ Section 4: Client-Side Data Fetching
   ├─ Section 5: Re-render Optimization
   └─ Section 6: Rendering Performance

4️⃣ LOW (Polish - Do Last):
   ├─ Section 7: JavaScript Performance
   └─ Section 8: Advanced Patterns

🔗 Related Skills

✅ Performance Review Checklist

Before shipping to production:

Critical (Must Fix):

• No sequential data fetching (waterfalls eliminated)
• Bundle size < 200KB for main bundle
• No barrel imports in app code
• Dynamic imports used for large components
• Parallel data fetching where possible

High Priority:

• Server components used where appropriate
• API routes optimized (no N+1 queries)
• Suspense boundaries for data fetching
• Static generation used where possible

Medium Priority:

• Expensive computations memoized
• List rendering virtualized (if > 100 items)
• Images optimized with next/image
• No unnecessary re-renders

Low Priority (Polish):

• Hot path loops optimized
• RegExp patterns hoisted
• Property access cached in loops

❌ Anti-Patterns (Common Mistakes)

DON’T:

• ❌ Use sequential await for independent operations
• ❌ Import entire libraries when you need one function
• ❌ Use barrel exports (index.ts re-exports) in app code
• ❌ Skip dynamic imports for large components/libraries
• ❌ Fetch data in useEffect without deduplication
• ❌ Forget to memoize expensive computations
• ❌ Use client components when server components work

DO:

• ✅ Fetch data in parallel with Promise.all()
• ✅ Use dynamic imports: const Comp = dynamic(() => import('./Heavy'))
• ✅ Import directly: import { specific } from 'library/specific'
• ✅ Use Suspense boundaries for better UX
• ✅ Leverage React Server Components
• ✅ Measure performance before optimizing
• ✅ Use Next.js built-in optimizations (next/image, next/font)

🎯 How to Use This Skill

🧠 Knowledge Modules (Fractal Skills)

1. For New Features:

2. For Performance Reviews:

3. For Debugging Slow Performance:

4. Section 1: Eliminating Waterfalls (CRITICAL)

5. Section 2: Bundle Size Optimization (CRITICAL)

6. Section 3: Server-Side Performance (HIGH)

7. Section 4: Client-Side Data Fetching (MEDIUM-HIGH)

8. Section 5: Re-render Optimization (MEDIUM)

9. Section 6: Rendering Performance (MEDIUM)

10. Section 7: JavaScript Performance (LOW-MEDIUM)

11. Section 8: Advanced Patterns (VARIABLE)