using-converter-markup-extension

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Skill 文档

Using Converter Markup Extension

Combine MarkupExtension with IValueConverter for direct XAML usage without resource declarations.

Why Markup Extension Converters?

Aspect	StaticResource Converter	MarkupExtension Converter
Declaration	Required in Resources	Not required
XAML Usage	`{StaticResource MyConverter}`	`{local:MyConverter}`
Singleton	Manual implementation	Built-in lazy singleton
Boilerplate	More	Less

Base Classes

IValueConverter Base (.NET 7+)

namespace MyApp.Converters;

public abstract class ConverterMarkupExtension<T> : MarkupExtension, IValueConverter
    where T : class, new()
{
    private static readonly Lazy<T> _converter = new(() => new T());

    public override object ProvideValue(IServiceProvider serviceProvider)
    {
        return _converter.Value;
    }

    public abstract object? Convert(
        object? value,
        Type targetType,
        object? parameter,
        CultureInfo culture);

    public virtual object? ConvertBack(
        object? value,
        Type targetType,
        object? parameter,
        CultureInfo culture)
    {
        throw new NotSupportedException();
    }
}

IMultiValueConverter Base

namespace MyApp.Converters;

public abstract class MultiConverterMarkupExtension<T> : MarkupExtension, IMultiValueConverter
    where T : class, new()
{
    private static readonly Lazy<T> _converter = new(() => new T());

    public override object ProvideValue(IServiceProvider serviceProvider)
    {
        return _converter.Value;
    }

    public abstract object? Convert(
        object?[] values,
        Type targetType,
        object? parameter,
        CultureInfo culture);

    public virtual object?[] ConvertBack(
        object? value,
        Type[] targetTypes,
        object? parameter,
        CultureInfo culture)
    {
        throw new NotSupportedException();
    }
}

Example Converters

BoolToVisibilityConverter

public sealed class BoolToVisibilityConverter : ConverterMarkupExtension<BoolToVisibilityConverter>
{
    public override object? Convert(
        object? value,
        Type targetType,
        object? parameter,
        CultureInfo culture)
    {
        if (value is not bool boolValue)
            return Visibility.Collapsed;

        var invert = parameter is "Invert" or "invert";
        return (boolValue ^ invert) ? Visibility.Visible : Visibility.Collapsed;
    }
}

XAML Usage:

<Button Visibility="{Binding IsEnabled, Converter={local:BoolToVisibilityConverter}}"/>

<!-- With parameter -->
<Button Visibility="{Binding IsDisabled, Converter={local:BoolToVisibilityConverter}, ConverterParameter=Invert}"/>

NullToVisibilityConverter

public sealed class NullToVisibilityConverter : ConverterMarkupExtension<NullToVisibilityConverter>
{
    public override object? Convert(
        object? value,
        Type targetType,
        object? parameter,
        CultureInfo culture)
    {
        var isNull = value is null;
        var invert = parameter is "Invert";
        return (isNull ^ invert) ? Visibility.Collapsed : Visibility.Visible;
    }
}

StringFormatConverter

public sealed class StringFormatConverter : ConverterMarkupExtension<StringFormatConverter>
{
    public override object? Convert(
        object? value,
        Type targetType,
        object? parameter,
        CultureInfo culture)
    {
        if (parameter is not string format)
            return value?.ToString();

        return string.Format(culture, format, value);
    }
}

XAML Usage:

<TextBlock Text="{Binding Price, Converter={local:StringFormatConverter}, ConverterParameter='{}{0:C}'}"/>

FullNameConverter (Multi)

public sealed class FullNameConverter : MultiConverterMarkupExtension<FullNameConverter>
{
    public override object? Convert(
        object?[] values,
        Type targetType,
        object? parameter,
        CultureInfo culture)
    {
        if (values.Length < 2)
            return string.Empty;

        var firstName = values[0]?.ToString() ?? string.Empty;
        var lastName = values[1]?.ToString() ?? string.Empty;

        return $"{firstName} {lastName}".Trim();
    }
}

XAML Usage:

<TextBlock>
    <TextBlock.Text>
        <MultiBinding Converter="{local:FullNameConverter}">
            <Binding Path="FirstName"/>
            <Binding Path="LastName"/>
        </MultiBinding>
    </TextBlock.Text>
</TextBlock>

GlobalUsings.cs

global using System;
global using System.Globalization;
global using System.Windows;
global using System.Windows.Data;
global using System.Windows.Markup;

Migration from StaticResource

Before

<Window.Resources>
    <local:BoolToVisibilityConverter x:Key="BoolToVisibility"/>
</Window.Resources>

<Button Visibility="{Binding IsVisible, Converter={StaticResource BoolToVisibility}}"/>

After

<!-- No resource declaration needed -->
<Button Visibility="{Binding IsVisible, Converter={local:BoolToVisibilityConverter}}"/>

File Structure

MyApp/
âââ Converters/
â   âââ ConverterMarkupExtension.cs      # Base class
â   âââ MultiConverterMarkupExtension.cs # Multi base class
â   âââ BoolToVisibilityConverter.cs
â   âââ NullToVisibilityConverter.cs
â   âââ StringFormatConverter.cs

Checklist

Inherit from ConverterMarkupExtension<T> or MultiConverterMarkupExtension<T>
Class is sealed (no inheritance needed)
Handle null input gracefully
Return DependencyProperty.UnsetValue for invalid input if needed
Use ConverterParameter for variations instead of multiple converters

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